European Council

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Quick definition

The European Council, formed by the heads of state or government of the Member States, provides the necessary impetus for the development of the European Union and sets out the general political guidelines. The Commission President is also a non-voting member. The President of the European Parliament addresses the European Council at the beginning of its meetings. The Lisbon Treaty established the European Council as an institution of the Union and endowed it with a long-term presidency.

 

What does the European Council do?

  • decides on the EU's overall direction and political priorities – but does not pass laws
  • deals with complex or sensitive issues that cannot be resolved at lower levels of intergovernmental cooperation
  • sets the EU's common foreign & security policy, taking into account EU strategic interests and defence implications
  • nominates and appoints candidates to certain high profile EU level roles, such as the ECB and the Commission

On each issue, the European Council can:

  • ask the European Commission to make a proposal to address it
  • pass it on to the Council of the EU to deal with

 

Composition

The European Council is made up of the heads of state or government of all EU countries, the European Council President, and the European Commission President. It is convened and chaired by its President, who is elected by the European Council itself for a once-renewable two-and-a-half-year term. Among other things, the President represents the EU to the outside world.

 

How does the European Council work?

It usually meets 4 times a year – but the President can convene additional meetings to address urgent issues. It generally decides issues by consensus – but by unanimity or qualified majority in some cases. Only the heads of state/government can vote.

 

Sources: EC Website, 2023; European Council Website, 2023