SMS Tools is a set of techniques and software implementations for the analysis, transformation, and synthesis of musical sounds based on various spectral modeling approaches. These techniques can be used for synthesis, processing and coding applications, while some of the intermediate results might also be applied to other music related problems, such as sound source separation, musical acoustics, music perception, or performance analysis. The basic model and implementation were developed by Xavier Serra as part of his PhD thesis published 1989. Since then many extensions have been proposed at MTG-UPF and by other researchers.

Basic publications

Teaching materials

Software download

Examples using SMS tools

These sound examples were done using the SMS software that was running on NeXTStep in the early 1990s.

 

Examples from the PhD Thesis

All these examples are part of the PhD thesis and are described there.

List of publications related to spectral modeling synthesis tools.

  • Chamberlin, H. 1980. “Using the FFT for Synthesis.” In Music Applications of Microprocessors, Hayden Book Co., pp. 424-431.
  • Almeida, L. B. and F. M. Silva. 1983. “Harmonic Coding with Variable-Frequency Synthesis”, Proceedings of the 1983 Spain Workshop on Signal Processing and its Applications (WSPA'83), Sitges, Spain, September 1983.
  • Smith, J.O. and B. Friedlander. 1984. “High Resolution Spectrum Analysis Programs.” TM no. 5466-05, Systems Control Technology, Palo Alto CA, April 1984.
  • Almeida, L. B. and F. M. Silva. 1984. “Variable-Frequency Synthesis: An Improved Harmonic Coding Scheme”, Proceedings of the 1984 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP'84), S. Diego, California, March 1984.
  • Griffin , D. W.; J. S. Lim. 1985. “A New Model-Based Speech Analysis / Synthesis System”, IEEE-ICASSP, 1985, pp. 513-516.
  • McAulay, R. J. and T. F. Quatieri. 1986. “Speech Analysis/Synthesis based on a Sinusoidal Representation.” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing 34(4):744--754.
  • McAulay R. J; Thomas F. Quatieri. 1986. “Phase Modeling and its Application to Sinusoidal Transform Coding”, IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 1713-1715, April 1986.
  • Quatieri, T. F.; R. J. McAulay. 1986. “Speech Transformations Based on a Sinusoidal Representation”, IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. 34, No. 6, December 1986.
  • Serra, X. 1986. “ A Computer Model for Bar Percussion Instruments.” Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference 1986. La Haya, The Netherlands
  • Smith, J.O.; Serra, X. 1987. “PARSHL: an analysis/synthesis program for non-harmonic sounds based on a sinusoidal representation”. International Computer Music Conference, 1987.
  • McAulay, R. J.; T. F. Quatieri. 1988. “Computationally efficient sine-wave synthesis and its application to sinusoidal transform coding.” Proc. IEEE ICASSP-88, pp. 370-373, 1988.
  • Maher, Robert C. 1989. An Approach for the Separation of Voices in Composite Musical Signals. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
  • McAulay, R. J.; Thomas F. Quatieri. 1989. “Phase Coherence in Speech Reconstruction for Enhancement and Coding Applications”, IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Glasgow, pp. 207-209 (May 1989).
  • Serra, X. Smith, J. 1989. “Spectral Modeling Synthesis”. Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference 1989. Ohio, USA
  • Serra, X. 1989. A system for sound analysis/transformation/synthesis based on a deterministic plus stochastic decomposition. Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University.
  • Ellis, Daniel P., Barry L. Vercoe . 1990. “A wavelet based sinusoid model of sound for auditory signal separation.” ICMC90
  • Maher, Robert and James Beauchamp. 1990. “An Investigation of Vocal Vibrato for Synthesis.” Applied Acoustics 30 pp. 219-245
  • McAulay, R. J.; T. F. Quatieri. 1990. “Pitch Estimation and Voicing Detection Based on a Sinusoidal Speech Model.” Proceedings IEEE ICASSP 1990.
  • Schumacher, R. T., and C. Chafe. 1990. “Detection of Aperiodicity in Nearly Periodic Signals.” Proceedings of the IEEE Int. Conf on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Alburquerque, NM, 1990.
  • George, E. B. 1991. An Analysis-by-Synthesis Approach to Sinusoidal Modeling Applied to Speech and Musical Signal Processing. Ph.D. dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology.
  • George, E. B. and M. J. T. Smith. 1991. “An Analysis-by-Synthesis Approach to Sinusoidal Modeling Applied to the Analysis and Synthesis of Musical Tones,” in Proc. 1991 CMA International Computer Music Conference, October 1991, pp. 356-359.
  • Serra, X. 1991. “ SANSY: An Environment for the transformation of musical sounds”, Leonardo Music Journal Vol. Fall.
  • Xie, X.; R. J. Evans. 1991. “Multiple Target Tracking and Multiple Frequency Line Tracking Using Hidden Markov Models.” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 39, pp. 2659-2676, December 1991.
  • Fitz, K; W. Walker; L. Haken. 1992. “Extending the McAulay-Quatieri Analysis for Synthesis with a Limited Number of Oscillators”. ICMC92.
  • Freed, Adrian; Xavier Rodet, Philippe Depalle. 1992. “Synthesis and Control of Hundreds of Sinusoidal Partials on a Desktop Computer without Custom Hardware”, ICSPAT 92, San José ( USA), 1992
  • Garcia G. 1992. “Analyse des Signaux Sonores en Termes de Partiels et de Bruit. Extraction Automatique des Trajets Frèquentiels par des Modèles de Markov Cachès.” Mèmoire de DEA en Automatique et Traitement du Signal, Orsay, 1992.
  • George, E. B.; M. J.T.Smith. 1992. “Analysis-by-Synthesis/Overlap-Add Sinusoidal Modeling Applied to the Analysis and Synthesis of Musical Tones”. J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 40, No. 6, June 1992.
  • Holloway, Bryan and Lippold Haken. 1992. “A Sinusoidal Synthesis Algorithm for Generating Transitions Between Notes”, ICMC92
  • McIntyre, C. M.; D. A. Dermott. 1992. “A New Fine-Frequency Estimation Algorithm Based on Parabolic Regression.” IEEE-ICASSP 1992, pp. 541-544.
  • Rodet, X. and P. Depalle. 1992. “Spectral Envelopes and Inverse FFT Synthesis.” 93 rd Convention of the Audio Engineering Society. San Francisco, October 1992.
  • Apel, Theodore. 1993. Transformation of Audio Signals by Use of the McAulay-Quatieri Sinusoidal Model of Sound. Master Thesis Darmouth College 1993.
  • Barrett, R.F.; Holdsworth, D.A. 1993. “ Frequency tracking using hidden Markov models with amplitude and phase information”, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Volume: 41, Issue: 10, Year: Oct 1993 Page(s): 2965-2976
  • Depalle, Ph., G. Garcia and X. Rodet. 1993. “Analysis of Sound for Additive Synthesis: Tracking of Partials Using Hidden Markov Models.” Proceedings of the 1993 International Computer Music Conference. San Francisco: Computer Music Association.
  • Depalle, Ph., G. Garcia and X. Rodet. 1993. “Tracking of partials for additive sound synthesis using hidden markov models.” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference On Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP’93), Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA,
  • Doval, B., and X. Rodet. 1993. “Fundamental frequency estimation and tracking using maximum likelihood harmonic matching and HMMs.” Proceedings of the ICASSP ‘93, 221--224.
  • Laroche, J.; Y Stylianou; E. Moulines. 1993. “HNS: Speech Modification based on a Harmonic+Noise Model”. Proc. IEEE-ICASSP-93, Vol. II. pp. 550-553, April 1993.
  • Macon , Michael W. 1993. Applications of Sinusoidal Modeling to Speech and Audio Signal Processing. Ph.D. dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology.
  • Adams, G.J.; Evans, R.J. 1994. “ Neural networks for frequency line tracking .” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Volume: 42 Issue: 4 , April 1994 Page(s): 936 -941
  • Doval, B. 1994. Estimation de la Fréquence Fondamentale des signaux sonores. PhD. Thesis, Université Paris-6, Paris, 1994.
  • Goodwin, M. and X. Rodet. 1994. “Efficient Fourier Synthesis of Nonstationary Sinusoids.” Proceedings of the 1994 International Computer Music Conference. San Francisco: Computer Music Association.
  • Serra, Xavier. 1994. “Residual Minimization in a Musical Signal Model based on a Deterministic plus Stochastic Decomposition.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 95(5-2):2958--2959.
  • Serra, Xavier. 1994. “Sound Hybridization Techniques based on a Deterministic plus Stochastic Decomposition Model.” Proceedings of the 1994 International Computer Music Conference. San Francisco: Computer Music Association.
  • Tellman, E.; L. Haken; B. Holloway. 1994.”Timbre Morphing Using the Lemur Representation.” Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference, Aarhus, Denmark, October 1994.
  • Wang, A. 1994. Instantaneous and Frequency-Warped Signal Processing Techniques for Audio Source Separation. Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University.
  • Dutoit, T. and B. Gosselin. 1995. “On the Use of a Hybrid Harmonic/Stochastic Model for TTS synthesis-by-Concatenation.” Speech Communication 19 pp. 119-143.
  • Fitz, Nelly; Lippold Haken, and Bryan Holloway. 1995. “Lemur - A Tool for Timbre Manipulation.” International Computer Music Conference, September 1995, Banff Centre, Alberta, Canada
  • Fitz, K; and L. Haken. 1995. “Bandwidth Enhanced Sinusoidal Modeling in Lemur.”Proc. International Computer Music Conference, Banff, 1995.
  • Goodwin, M.; A. Kogon. 1995. “Overlap-add synthesis of non-stationary sinusoids.” Proc. International Computer Music Conference, Banff, 1995.
  • Masri, P., Bateman, A. 1995. “Identification of nonstationary audio signals using the FFT, with application to analysis-based synthesis of sound.” Proc. IEE Colloquium on Audio Engineering. pp. 11.1-6.
  • McAulay, R. J.; T. F. Quatieri. 1995. “Sinusoidal coding.” In Speech Coding and Synthesis, Chapter 4, W.B. Kleijn, and K.K. Paliwal Eds., Elsevier, 1995.
  • Osaka , N. 1995. “Timbre Interpolation of Sounds Using a Sinusoidal Model.” ICMC 95.
  • Quatieri, T. F. and T. E. Hanna. 1995. “Time-scale modification with inconsistent constraints”, in Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, New Paltz, NY , New York, Oct. 18, 1995, pp. Session 10, Paper 2, IEEE Press.
  • Stylianou, Y.; J. Laroche; E. Moulines. 1995. “High Quality Speech Modification based on a Harmonic + Noise Model.” Eurospeech-95.
  • Tellman, E.; L. Haken; B. Holloway. 1995. “Timbre Morphing of Sounds with Unequal Number of Features.” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 43, No 9. 1995.
  • Wang, A. 1995. “Instantaneous and frequency-warped techniques for source separation and signal parametrization.” in Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, New Paltz, NY, New York, Oct. 1995, IEEE Press.
  • Ali, M. 1996. Adaptive Signal Representation with Applications in Audio Coding. Ph.D. thesis, University of Minnesota.
  • Depalle, P.; L. Tromp. 1996. “An Improved Additive Analysis Method Using Parametric Modeling of the Short-Time Fourier Transform.” Proceedings of the ICMC 96.
  • Dutoit, T.; B. Gosselin. 1996. “On the use of a hybrid harmonic/stochastic model for TTS synthesis-by-concatenation.” Speech Communacation 19, pp. 119-143.
  • Fitz, Kelly and Lippold Haken. 1996. “Sinusoidal Modeling and Manipulation Using Lemur.” Computer Music Journal, vol. 20.4, 1996, pp. 44-59.
  • Goodwin, M. ; M. Vetterli.1996. “ Time-Frequency Signal Models for Music Analysis, Transformation, and Synthesis.” Time-Frequency Time-Scale Symposium, Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing, Paris, Aug. 1996.
  • Goodwin, M. 1996. “Residual modeling in music analysis-synthesis.” Proc IEEE-ICASSP, Atlanta , GA , pp. 1005-1008, May 1996.
  • Gribonval, R.; E. Bacry, S. Mallat, Ph. Depalle, X. Rodet. 1996. “Analysis of sound signal with high resolution matching pursuit.” Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Analysis (TFTS'96), Paris, France, June 1996.
  • Hamdy, K. N.; M. Ali and A. H. Tewfik. 1996. “Low bit rate high quality audio coding with combined harmonic and wavelet representations.” Proceedings of ICASSP96
  • Lomax, K. 1996. “The development of a singing synthesizer.” in Speech and Computers (SPECOM), 1996.
  • Macon, M. W. 1996. Speech Synthesis Based on Sinusoidal Modeling. PhD thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, October 1996.
  • Macon, M. W. and M. A. Clements. 1996. “Speech concatenation and synthesis using an overlap-add sinusoidal model.” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. 1, pp. 361-364, May 1996.
  • Masri, P. 1996. Computer Modeling of Sound for Transformation and Synthesis of Musical Signal. PhD thesis, University of Bristol, Dec. 1996.
  • Masri, P.; A. Bateman. 1996. “Improved Modelling of Attack Transients in Music Analysis-Resynthesis.” ICMC-96.
  • Phillips, D.; A. Purvis; S. Johnson. 1996. “Multirate Additive Synthesis.” ICMC 96.
  • Pielemeier, W. J.; G.H. Wakefield. 1996. “A high-resolution time-frequency representation for musical instrument signals.” J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., 99(4), 1996.
  • Stainsby, Thomas. 1996. “A System for the Separation of Simultaneous Musical Audio Signals.” ICMC96.
  • Stylianou, Yannis. 1996. Harmonic plus Noise Models for Speech combined with Statistical Methods for Speech and Speaker Modification. PhD thesis, Telecom Paris, 1996.
  • Arcos, J. Lopez de Mantaras, R. Serra, X. 1997. “ Generating expressive musical performances with SaxEx.” Proceedings of AIMI International Workshop. KANSEI - The Technology of Emotion. Genova, Italy
  • Arcos, J. Lopez de Mantaras, R. Serra, X. 1997. “ Saxex: a Case-Based Reasoning System for Generating Expressive Musical Performances”. Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference 1997. Thessaloniki, Greece
  • Bonada, J. 1997. “ Desenvolupament d`un entorn gráfic per a l`análisi, transformació i síntesi de sons mitjanant models espectrals”. UPC. Barcelona
  • Depalle, P.; T. Hélie. 1997. “Extraction of Spectral Peak Parameters Using a Short-Time Fourier Transform Modeling and No Sidelobe Windows.” Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Audio, Mohonk 1997.
  • Ding Y.; X. Qian. 1997. “Sinusoidal and Residual Decomposition and Residual Modeling of Musical Tones Using the QUASAR Signal Model.” Proceedings of the ICMC 97.
  • Ding, Y. and Qian, X., 1997. “Processing of Musical Tones Using a Combined Quadratic Polynomial-Phase Sinusoid and Residual (QUASAR) Signal Model.” J. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 45, No. 7/8, pp. 571-584.
  • Ding, Y. and Qian, X., 1997. “Estimating Sinusoidal Parameters of Musical Tones based on Global Waveform Fitting”, Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, pp. 95-100, June 1997.
  • Dubnov, S.; X. Rodet. 1997. “Statistical Modeling of Sound Aperiodicities.” ICMC-97.
  • Fitz, K.; L. Haken. 1997. “Sinusoidal Modeling and Manipulation Using Lemur.” Computer Music Journal, vol. 20, n 4. [direct implementation of the McAulay and Quatieri sinusoidal modeling approach]
  • George, E. B.; M. J.T.Smith. 1997. “Speech Analysis/Synthesis and Modification Using and Analysis-by-Synthesis/Overlap-Add Sinusoidal Model.” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, vol. 5, No. 5.
  • Goodwin, M. 1997. “Matching pursuit with damped sinusoids,” in Proceedings ICASSP’97, Munich, Germany, May 1997, vol. 3, pp. 2037–2040.
  • Goodwin, M., 1997. Adaptive Signal Models: Theory, Algorithms, and Audio Applications. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Berkeley
  • Laroche, J. and M. Dolson, “About this phasiness business.” in Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, New Paltz, NY , New York, Oct. 1997, IEEE Press.
  • Levine, Scott, Tony Verma, Julius O. Smith III. 1997. “Alias-Free, Multiresolution Sinusoidal Modeling for Polyphonic, Wideband Audio.” IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, Mohnonk, NY, 1997.
  • Loureiro, R.Serra, X. 1997. “ A Web Interface for a Sound Database and Processing System”. Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference 1997. Thessaloniki, Greece
  • Lomax, Ken. 1997. The Analysis and Synthesis of the Singing Voice. Ph.D: Thesis, Oxford University.
  • Macon, M. W.; L. Jensen-Link, J. Oliverio, M. Clements, and E. B. George. 1997. “Concatenation-based MIDI-to-singing voice synthesis.” 103rd Meeting of the Audio Engineering Society, New York, 1997.
  • Macon, M. W.; L. Jensen-Link, J. Oliverio, M. Clements, and E. B. George. 1997. “A system for singing voice synthesis based on sinusoidal modeling,” Proc. of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol. 1, pp. 435-438, 1997.
  • Prandoni, P.; M. Goodwin, M. Vetterli . “Optimal time segmentation for signal modeling and compression.” Proc ICASSP97, vol 3, pp. 2029-2032, Munich, Germany, April 1997.
  • Qian, Ding. 1997. “A phase interpolation algorithm for sinusoidal model based music synthesis.” Proceedings of the International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 1997, pp. 451-454.
  • Rodet, X. 1997. “Musical Sound Signals Analysis/Synthesis: Sinusoidal+Residual and Elementary Waveform Models”, in Proceedings of the IEEE Time-Frequency and Time-Scale Workshop (TFTS'97), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, 27th-29th August 1997.
  • Serra, X.Bonada, J.Herrera, P.Loureiro, R. 1997. “ Integrating Complementary Spectral Models in the Design of a Musical Synthesizer.”
  • Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference 1997. Thessaloniki, Greece
  • Serra, Xavier. 1997. “Musical Sound Modeling With Sinusoids Plus Noise.” In Roads, Pope, Poli (eds.). Musical Signal Processing. Swets & Zeitlinger Publishers.
  • Sullivan, D. L 1997. “Accurate frequency tracking of timpani spectral lines.” JASA, 101 (1), 1997.
  • Verma, T. S.; S. N. Levine; T. H.Y. Meng. 1997. “Transient Modeling Synthesis: a flexible analysis/synthesis tool for transient signals”, Proceedings of the ICMC 1997.
  • Amatriain, X.Bonada, J.Serra, X. 1998. “ METRIX: A Musical Data Definition Language and Data Structure for a Spectral Modeling Based Synthesizer”. Proceedings of COST G6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects 1998. Barcelona
  • Arcos, J.Lopez de Mantaras, R.Serra, X. 1998. “ Saxex: a Case-Based Reasoning System for Generating Expressive Musical Performances”. Journal of New Music Research Vol.27 .3
  • Campedel, Marine. 1998. Etude du modèle “sinusoids et bruit” pour le traitement des signaux de parole, Estimation Robuste de l’envelope spectrale. Ph.D. Thesis, TELECOM Paris.
  • Cano, P. 1998. “ Fundamental Frequency Estimation in the SMS analysis.” Proceedings of COST G6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects 1998. Barcelona
  • Di Federico, Riccardo. 1998. “Waveform Preserving Time Stretching and Pitch Shifting for Sinusoidal Models of Sound”. Proceedings of COST G6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects 1998. Barcelona
  • Fernandez-Cid, Pablo. 1998. Transcripción Automática de Señales Musicales Polifónicas. PhD Thesis, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
  • George, E. B. 1998. “Practical High-Quality Speech and Voice Synthesis Using Fixed Frame Rate ABS/OLA Sinusoidal Modeling.” in Proc. 1998 IEEE Int’l Conf. On Acoust., Speech, and Signal Processing, May 1998.
  • Guerra, E. 1998. “ VowSynth: A Synthesizer of Vowel Sounds Based on Additive Synthesis.” Proceedings of COST G6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects 1998. Barcelona
  • Herrera, P.Bonada, J. 1998. “ Vibrato Extraction and Parameterization in the Spectral Modeling Synthesis framework.” Proceedings of COST G6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects 1998. Barcelona
  • Irizarry, R. A. 1998. Statistics and Music: Fitting a Local Harmonic Model to Musical Sound Signals. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.
  • Klapuri, A. 1998. “Automatic Transcription of Music.” MSc thesis, Tampere University of Technology, 1998.
  • Klapuri, A. 1998. “Number Theoretical Means of Resolving a Mixture of Several Harmonic Sounds.” Proceedings of the European Signal Processing Conference, 1998.
  • Laroche, Jean. 1998. “Using Resonant Filters for the Synthesis of Time-Varying Sinusoids.” 105th AES Convention, San Francisco, CA. 1998. Preprint 4782 (F-6).
  • Levine, Scott. 1998. Audio Representation for Data Compression and Compressed Domain Processing. Ph.D. thesis. Stanford University.
  • Levine, S. N. and J. O. Smith. 1998. “A sines+transients+noise audio representation for data compression and time/pitch-scale modi.cations.” Audio Engineering Society Convention , no. 4781, 1998.
  • Loscos, A.; Resina, E. 1998. “ SMSPerformer: A real-time synthesis interface for SMS”. Proceedings of COST G6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects 1998. Barcelona
  • Macias, B. 1998. “ SMS3d: An application for the visualization of SMS data.” Proceedings of COST G6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects 1998. Barcelona
  • Marchand, Sylvain. 1998. “Improving Spectral Analysis Precision with an Enhanced Phase Vocoder using Signal Derivatives.” Proceedings of COST G6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects 1998. Barcelona
  • Masri, Paul. 1998. “Extracting more Detail from the Spectrum with Phase Distortion Analysis.” DAFX98-Workshop, Barcelona ( Spain), November 1998 .
  • Peeters, G.; X. Rodet. 1998. “Sinusoidal Characterization in terms of Sinusoidal and Non-Sinusoidal Components.” DAFX98-Workshop, Barcelona ( Spain), november 1998 .
  • Resina, E. 1998. “ SMS Composer and SMS Conductor: Applications for Spectral Modeling Synthesis Composition and Performance.” Proceedings of COST G6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects 1998. Barcelona.
  • Serra, X.Bonada, J. 1998. “ Sound Transformations Based on the SMS High Level Attributes.” Proceedings of COST G6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects 1998. Barcelona
  • Verma, T. S.; T. H. Y. Meng. 1998. “An Analysis/Synthesis Tool for Transient Signals.” ASA98.
  • Verma, T. S.; T. H. Y. Meng. 1998. “An Analysis/Synthesis Tool for Transient Signals that Allows a Flexible Sines#Transient#Noise Model for Audio.” ICASSP98.
  • Verma, T. S.; T. H. Y. Meng. 1998. “Sinusoidal Modeling Using Frame-Based Perceptually Weighted matching Pursuits.” ICASSP99.
  • Verma, T. S.; T. H. Y. Meng. 1998. “Time Scale Modification Using a Sines+Transients+Noise Signal Model.” Proceedings of the Digital Audio Effects Workshop (DAFX98), Barcelona, November 1998.
  • Wessel, David et al. 1998. “Removing the Time Axis from Spectral Model Analysis-Based Additive Synthesis: Neural Networks versus Memory-Based Meachine Learning.” ICMC98.
  • Wright, M.Chaudhary, A. Freed, A. Wessel, D. Rodet, X.Woehrmann, R.Serra, X. 1998. “ New Applications of the Sound Description Interchange Format.” Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference 1998. Michigan, USA
  • Althoff, Rasmus; Florian Keiler; Udo Zölzer. 1999. “Extracting Sinusoids from Harmonic Signals.” DAFX99.
  • Desainte-Catherine, M. and S. Marchand. 1999. “Structured additive synthesis: Towards a model of sound timbre and electroacoustic music forms.” ICMC99.
  • Fitz, Kelly. 1999. The Reassigned Bandwidth-Enhanced Method of Additive Synthesis. Ph. D. dissertation, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
  • Freed, Adrian. 1999. “ Spectral Line Broadening with Transform Domain Additive Synthesis.” ICMC99.
  • Herrera, P., X. Serra, G. Peeters. 1999. "A proposal for the description of audio in the context of MPEG-7", Proceedings of the CBMI'99 European Workshop on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing.
  • Irizarry, Rafael. 1999. “Weighted Estimation of Harmonic Components in a Musical Sound Signal.” JTSA
  • Koenen, R. 1999. Overview of the MPEG-4 Standard. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N3156, Dec. 1999.
  • Laroche, J. and M. Dolson. 1999. “New phase-vocoder techniques for real-time pitch shifting, chorusing, harmonizing, and other exotic audio modifications.” Journal of the Audio Engineering Society , vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 928–936, November 1999.
  • Laroche, J. and M. Dolson. 1999. “New phase-vocoder techniques for pitch-shifting, harmonizing, and other exotic effects.” in Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, New Paltz, NY , New York, Oct. 17–20, 1999, pp. 91–94, IEEE Press.
  • Laroche, Jean and Mark Dolson. 1999. “Improved Phase Vocoder Time-Scale Modification of Audio.” IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio processing. Vol. 7, No. 3, May 1999.
  • Levine, S. N. 1999. Audio Representations for Data Compression and Compressed Domain Processing. Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University
  • Levine, S. N. and Julius O. Smith III. 1999. “A Switched Parametric & Transform Audio Coder.” ICASSP-99
  • Levine, S. N. and Julius O. Smith III. 1999. “Improvement to the Switched Parametric & Transform Audio Coder.” Proc. IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics.
  • Marchand, Sylvain. 1999. “Musical sound effects in the SAS model.” Proceedings of the COST-G6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX’99), Trondheim, Norway, 1999.
  • Peeters, G.; X. Rodet. 1999. “SINOLA: A New Analysis/Synthesis using Spectrum Peak Shape Distortion, Phase and Reassigned Spectrum.” ICMC99, Beijing ( China).
  • Rossignol, S.; P. Depalle, J. Soumagne, X. Rodet, J.-L. Collette. 1999. “Vibrato: detection, e stimation, extraction, modification.” DAFX99
  • Schwarz, D.; X. Rodet. 1999. “Spectral Envelope Estimation and Representation for Sound Analysis-Synthesis.” Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC'99), Beijing, October 1999.
  • Tolonen, Tero. 1999. “Methods for Separation of Harmonic Sound Sources using Sinusoidal Modeling.” Preprint Number: 4958 AES Convention 106.
  • Troughton, Paul T. 1999. “ Bayesian Restoration of Quantised Audio Signals using a Sinusoidal Model with Autoregressive Residuals”. Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics . Mohonk, 1999.
  • Verma, T.S. and T.H.Y. Meng. 1999. “Sinusoidal modeling using frame-based perceptually weighted matching pursuits,” in Proceedings ICASSP’99 , Phoenix, Arizona, USA, May 1999, vol. 2, pp. 981–984.
  • Verma, Tony S. “A Perceptually Based Audio Signal Model with Application to Scalable Audio Compression”. Ph.D. thesis. Stanford University, October 1999.
  • Vos, K.; R. Vafin, R. Heusdens, and W.B. Kleijn. 1999. “High-quality consistent analysis-synthesis in sinusoidal coding,” in Proceedings of the AES 17th International Conference , Florence, Italy, September 1999, pp. 244–250.
  • Bonada, J. 2000. “ Automatic Technique in Frequency Domain for Near-Lossless Time-Scale Modification of Audio.” Proceedings of International Computer Music Conference 2000. Berlin, Germany
  • Cano, P., A. Loscos, J. Bonada, M. de Boer, X. Serra. 2000. “Voice Morphing System for Impersonating in Karaoke Applications.” Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference 2000.
  • De Boer, M., J. Bonada, X. Serra. 2000. “Using the Sound Descripton Interchange Format within the SMS Applications.” Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference 2000.
  • De Boer, M., J. Bonada, Cano, P., A. Loscos, X. Serra. 2000. “Singing Voice Impersonator Application for PC.” Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference 2000.
  • Desainte-Catherine, M.; S. Marchand. 2000. “High-Precision Fourier Analysis of Sounds Using Signal Derivatives.” JAES, vol. 48, no. 7/8.
  • Desainte-Catherine, Myriam; Pierre Hanna. 2000. “Statistical Approach for Sound Modeling.” P roc. of the COST G-6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX-00), Verona, Italy, D ecember 7-9, 2000.
  • Edler, Bernd; Heiko Purnhagen. 2000. “Parametric Audio Coding.”
  • Fitz, K.; L. Haken; P. Christensen. 2000. “A new algorithm for Bandwidth Association in Bandwidth-Enhanced Additive Sound Modeling.” Proceedings of the ICMC 2000, pages178–181.
  • Fitz, K.; L. Haken; P. Christensen. 2000. “Transient Preservation under Transformation in an Additive Sound Model”. Proceedings of the ICMC 2000.
  • Herrera, P., X. Amatriain , E. Batlle, X. Serra. 2000. “Towards Instrument Segmentation for Music Content Description: a Critical Review of Instrument Classification Techniques.” Proceedings of the International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval 2000.
  • Izmirli, Ozgur. 2000. “Non-harmonic Sinusoidal Modeling Synthesis Using Short-time High-resolution Parameter Analysis.” Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFx), 2000.
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