13/05/2025 Alin Tomescu, Aptos Lab. Keyless blockchain accounts from zero-knowledge proofs

13/05/2025 Alin Tomescu, Aptos Lab. Keyless blockchain accounts from zero-knowledge proofs

12.05.2025

Blockchain accounts are secured via secret keys, which has led to billions of dollars in lost or stolen assets. Secret keys have three main drawbacks: first, backing up a high-entropy key is cumbersome, so first-time users often skip it; second, even if backed up, keys are often lost by novice users; and third, both novices and experts can accidentally reveal their key (e.g., through phishing or copy-paste errors).

To address these issues, we propose a Keyless approach that requires only (1) a traditional Web2 account (e.g., Google or Apple) and (2) a privacy guardian that helps conceal your Web2 identity on-chain. Unlike multi-party computation wallet solutions, which introduce additional trust assumptions, our method co-opts existing digital signatures from Web2 providers as transaction signatures and, importantly, maintains privacy by encapsulating these signatures in a zero-knowledge proof.

Put simply, Keyless makes “your blockchain account = your Google account," which means onboarding is as simple as signing in with Google, and losing or compromising an account becomes far less likely.

Most importantly, Keyless accounts are practical and have been deployed on the Aptos Labs blockchain for over a year.

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