Informative and Scientific Resources

RESOURCES ON ZOONOTIC DISEASES AND THEIR CONNECTION TO ANIMAL EXPLOITATION


 

Credit: Photo of Fern Plants by Elias Tigiser in Pexels

COVID-19 has revealed the deep interconnectedness between human behaviour and zoonotic diseases, particularly between human diet and other socio-economic vectors that impact on the environment. Six out of every ten infectious diseases can spread from nonhuman animals, and three-quarters of new human diseases originated in other animals. COVID-19 is no exception. The way we treat nonhuman animals, directly (by hunting, farming, trafficking, etc.) or indirectly (by human pressure on, or pollution of, their habitats, resources and the environment in general) is at the core of this crisis. Here we have gathered more than 200 works connecting the dots between human treatment of other animals and the emergence of zoonotic diseases. Books, scientific documents and newspaper articles are available here for researchers, journalists, policy-makers and the general public. 

Editors: Thaïs Sánchez, Gina Thornton, Roser Garí & Núria Almiron

Advisor: Roser Garí 

Last updated: March 2021

Search terms:

  • Diseases: Avian flu, Avian influenza, Mad Cow, MERS, Aids, Covid19, Ebola, HIV, Influenza, Influenza A, Influenza viruses, Lyme, Nipah Virus, Salmonella, Sars, Sars-Co-V-2, Spanish influenza, Swine flu, Swine influenza, Tick-Borne disease, Vector-Brone disease, West Nile Virus, Zika Virus, Contagion from humans to mammals
  • Nonhuman animals: Farmed animals, Companion animals, Animals in nature, Zoos
  • Other: One health

 

Aguirre, A. Alonso. 2017. Changing patterns of emerging zoonotic diseases in wildlife, domestic animals, and humans linked to biodiversity loss and globalization. ILAR journal, 58(3): 315-318.  (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS; ONE HEALTH)

Akin, Event and Gözel, Mustafa. G. 2020. Understanding dynamics of pandemics. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences.  50(SI-1): 515-519. (COVID-19)

Altizer Sonia et al. 2018. Food for contagion: synthesis and future directions for studying host parasite responses to resource shifts in anthropogenic environments.  Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 373: 20170102. (FARMED ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE; ONE HEALTH)

Åsjö, Birgitta., andKruse, Hilde. 2006. Zoonoses in the Emergence of Human viral diseases. Perspectives in Medical Virology16: 15-41. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Bailey, Jarrod. 2008.  An Assessment of the Role of Chimpanzees in AIDS Vaccine Research’, Alternatives to Laboratory Animals. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals, 36(4): 381–428. (AIDS; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Bekker, Johan. L., Jooste, Piet J., andHoffman, Louw C. 2012. Wildlife-associated zoonotic diseases in some southern African countries in relation to game meat safety: A review. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 79(1): 1-12. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Bender, Jeff B., Shulman, Stephanie A. 2004. Reports of zoonotic disease outbreaks associated with animal exhibits and availability of recommendations for preventing zoonotic disease transmission from animals to people in such settings. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 224(7): 1105-1109.  (COMPANION ANIMALS; ZOOS; FARMED ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Bengis, R. G., Leighton, F. A., Fischer, J. R., Artois, M., Morner, T., and Tate, C. M. 2004. The role of wildlife in emerging and re-emerging zoonoses. Revue scientifique et technique-office international des epizooties23(2): 497-512. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; INFLUENZA A; EBOLA)

Bengis, Roy G., Kock, Richard A., and Fischer, John (2002). Infectious animal diseases: the wildlife/livestock interface. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics)21(1): 53-65. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Böhm, Monika, White, Piram C., Chambers, J., Smith, Lesley, andHutchings, M. R. 2007. Wild deer as a source of infection for livestock and humans in the UK. The Veterinary Journal174(2): 260-276. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Broglia, Alessandro, and Kapel. Christian. 2011. Changing dietary habits in a changing world: emerging drivers for the transmission of foodborne parasitic zoonoses. Veterinary parasitology, 182(1): 2-13. (FARMED ANIMALS)

Bui, Chau M., Chughtai, Abrar A., Adam, Dillon C., and MacIntyre, C. Raina. 2017. An overview of the epidemiology and emergence of influenza A infection in humans over time. Archives of Public Health75(1): 15. (INFLUENZA A; SPANISH INFLUENZA; AVIAN INFLUENZA ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Burroughs, Tom, Knobler, Stacey, and Lederberg, Joshua 2002. The emergence of zoonotic diseases: understanding the impact on animal and human health: workshop summary. National Academy Press. (ONE HEALTH)

Cabello, Carlos, Cabello, Felipe 2008. Zoonosis con reservorios silvestres: Amenazas a la salud pública y a la economía. Revista médica de Chile, 136(3): 385-393. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS; ONE HEALTH)

Calisher, Charles H., Childs, James E., Field, Hume E., Holmes, Kathryn V., andSchountz, Tony 2006. Bats: important reservoir hosts of emerging viruses. Clinical Microbiology Reviews19(3), 531-545. (ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Cascio, A., Bosilkovski, M., Rodriguez-Morales, A. J., andPappas, G. 2011. The socio-ecology of zoonotic infections. Clinical microbiology and infection17(3): 336-342. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS; COMPANION ANIMALS)

Chen, Nanhua, et al. 2020l. How related is SARS-CoV-2 to other coronaviruses? Veterinary Record, 186(15): 496-496. (COVID19;  SARS-CO-V-2; SARS; MERS)

Chen, Ying, Cheng, Jian, Xu, Zhiwei, Hu, Wenbiao, and Lu, Jiahai. 2020. Live poultry market closure and avian influenza A (H7N9) infection in cities of China, 2013–2017: an ecological study.  BMC Infectious Diseases, 20: 1-10. (AVIAN INFLUENZA; FARMED ANIMALS)

Childs, James E., Richt, Jürgen A., andMackenzie, John S. 2007. Introduction: conceptualizing and partitioning the emergence process of zoonotic viruses from wildlife to humans. In Wildlife and emerging zoonotic diseases: The biology, circumstances and consequences of cross-species transmission (pp. 1-31). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. (ANIMALS IN NATURE) 

Chomel, Bruno B., Belotto, Albino, andMeslin, François-Xavier. 2007. Wildlife, Exotic Pets, and Emerging Zoonoses. Emerging Infectious Diseases13(1): 6. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; COMPANION ANIMALS; ZOOS)

Christou, Leonidas. 2011. The global burden of bacterial and viral zoonotic infections. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 17(): 326-330. (AVIAN INFLUENZA)

Chua, Kaw Bing, Chua, Ben Hui, andWang, Chew Wen 2002. Anthropogenic deforestation, El Niiio and the emergence of Nipah virus in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Pathology24(1): 15-21. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; NIPAH VIRUS; FARMED ANIMALS)

Conrad, Cheyenne C., Stanford, Kim, Narvaez-Bravo, Claudia, Callaway, Todd, AND McAllister, Tim. 2017. Farm fairs and petting zoos: a review of animal contact as a source of zoonotic enteric disease.  Foodborne pathogens and disease, 14(2): 59-73. (FARMED ANIMALS; COMPANION ANIMALS; ZOOS; SALMONELLA)

Corlett, Richard. T. et al. 2020. Impacts of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Biodiversity Conservation. Biological Conservation, 246. (COVID-19)

Corry, Janet E., and Hinton, Mike H. 1997. Zoonoses in the meat industry: a review.  Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 45: 457-479. (FARMED ANIMALS; SALMONELLA)

Cross, Alice R., Baldwin, Victoria M., Roy, Sumita, Essex-Lopresti, Angela E., Prior, Joann L., & Harmer, Nicholas J. 2019. Zoonoses under our noses. Microbes and Infection,   21(1), 10-19. (ONE HEALTH)

Cutler, Sally J., Fooks, Anthony R., andvan der Poel, Wim H. 2010. Public Health Threat of New, Reemerging, and Neglected Zoonoses in the Industrialized World. Emerging Infectious Diseases16(1): 1-7. (ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Daszak, Peter, Andrew A. Cunningham, and Alex D. Hyatt. 2001. Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife. Acta tropica78(2): 103-116. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; NIPAH VIRUS; WEST NILE VIRUS)

Daszak, Peter., Cunningham, Andrew A., andHyatt, Alex D. 2000. Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife--threats to biodiversity and human health. Science287(5452): 443-449. (ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Dzingirai, Vupenyu, Bukachi, Salome, Leach, Melissa, Mangwanya, Lindiwe, Scoones, Ian, andWilkinson, Annie 2017. Structural drivers of vulnerability to zoonotic disease in Africa. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences372(1725), 20160169. (ONE HEALTH)

Fernandez Jr, Guiraldo C., and Bande, Marlito José M. 2020. Anthropocentrism, Forest Loss, Corona Virus2019 and Rainforestation. Social Ethics Society Journal of Applied Philosophy Special Issue, July 2020, pp. 53-72. (COVID19; ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS; ONE HEALTH)

Fèvre, Eric M., Bronsvoort, Barend. M. D. C., Hamilton, Katie A., andCleaveland, Sarah. 2006. Animal movements and the spread of infectious diseases. Trends in microbiology14(3): 125-131. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Field, Hume E. 2009. Bats and emerging zoonoses: henipaviruses and SARS. Zoonoses and public health56(6‐7): 278-284. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS; NIPAH VIRUS; SARS)

Friant Sagan, Paige Sarah B., Goldberg Tony L. 2015. Drivers of Bushmeat Hunting and Perceptions of Zoonoses in Nigerian Hunting Communities. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(5): e0003792. (ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Gage, Kenneth L., andKosoy, Micheal Y. 2005. Natural history of plague: perspectives from more than a century of research. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 50: 505-528. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Gilbert, Marius, Slingenbergh, Jan and Xiao, Xiangming. 2008. Climate change and avian influenza.  Revue scientifique et technique, 27(2):459–466. (AVIAN INFLUENZA; FARMED ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Gilchrist, Mary J., Greko, Christina, Wallinga, David B., Beran, George W., Riley, David G., and Thorne, Peter S. 2007. The potential role of concentrated animal feeding operations in infectious disease epidemics and antibiotic resistance.  Environmental health perspectives, 115(2), 313-316. (FARMED ANIMALS; INFLUENZA)

Gortázar, Christian, Ferroglio, Ezio, Höfle, Ursula, Frölich, Kai, andVicente, Joaquín. 2007. Diseases shared between wildlife and livestock: a European perspectiveEuropean Journal of Wildlife Research, 53(4): 241. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Gortazar, Christian, Reperant, Leslie A., Kuiken, Thijs, de la Fuente, José, Boadella, Mariana, Martínez-Lopez, Beatriz, ... and Ostfeld, Richard. 2014. Crossing the interspecies barrier: opening the door to zoonotic pathogens. PLoS Pathog, 10(6), e1004129. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS; ONE HEALTH)

Grace, Delia, et al. 2012. Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hotspots. Report to Department for International Development, UK. International Livestock Research Institute. (FARMED ANIMALS)

Graham, Jay P., Leibler, Jessica H., Price, Lance B., Otte, Joachim M., Pfeiffer, D. U., Tiensin, T., and Silbergeld, Ellen K. 2008. The animal-human interface and infectious disease in industrial food animal production: rethinking biosecurity and biocontainment.  Public health reports, 123(3): 282-299. (AVIAN INFLUENZA; FARMED ANIMALS)

Han, Barbara A., Kramer, Andrew M., and Drake, John M. 2016. Global patterns of zoonotic disease in mammals. Trends in parasitology, 32(7): 565-577. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Hockings, Marc, Dudley, Nigel, and Elliott, Wendy. 2020. Editorial Essay: COVID-19 and protected and conserved areas. Parks Journal, 26(1): 7–24. (COVID19; ONE HEALTH)

IPBES. 2020. Workshop Report on Biodiversity and Pandemics of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. Daszak, P., Amuasi, J., das Neves, C. G., Hayman, D., Kuiken, T., Roche, B., Zambrana-Torrelio, C., Buss, P., Dundarova, H., Feferholtz, Y., Földvári, G., Igbinosa, E., Junglen, S., Liu, Q., Suzan, G., Uhart, M., Wannous, C., Woolaston, K., Mosig Reidl, P., O’Brien, K., Pascual, U., Stoett, P., Li, H., Ngo, H. T., IPBES secretariat, Bonn, Germany (ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Jansen, Wiebke, Mueller, Anja, Grabowski, Nils T., Kehrenberg, Corinna, Muylkens, Benoît, and Al Dahouk, Sacha. 2019. Foodborne diseases do not respect borders: zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistant bacteria in food products of animal origin illegally imported into the European Union.  The Veterinary Journal, 244: 75-82.  (FARMED ANIMALS; SALMONELLA)

Johnson, Christine K., Hitchens, Peta L., Evans, Tierra S., Goldstein, Tracey, Thomas, Kate, Clements, Andrew, ... andMazet, Jonna K. 2015. Spillover and pandemic properties of zoonotic viruses with high host plasticity. Scientific reports, 5, 14830. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Johnson, Christine K., Hitchens, Peta L., Pandit, Pranav S., Rushmore, Julie, Evans, Tierra S., Young, Cristin C., and Doyle, Megan M. 2020. Global shifts in mammalian population trends reveal key predictors of virus spillover risk. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 287(1924), 20192736. (FARMED ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE; ONE HEALTH)

Jones, Bryony A., Grace, Delia, Kock, Rock, Alonso, Silvia, Rushton, Jonathan, Said, Mohammed Y., ... andPfeiffer, Dirk U. 2013. Zoonosis emergence linked to agricultural intensification and environmental change.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(21), 8399-8404. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS; ONE HEALTH)

Jones, Kate E., Patel, Nikkita G., Levy, Marc A., Storeygard, Adam, Balk, Deborah, Gittleman, John L., andDaszak, Peter. 2008. Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature, 451(7181): 990-993. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Kamins, Alexandra O. et al. 2015. Characteristics and risk perceptions of Ghanaians potentially exposed to bat-borne zoonoses through bushmeat. EcoHealth, 12(1): 104-120. (ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Karesh, W. B., andNoble, E. 2009. The bushmeat trade: increased opportunities for transmission of zoonotic disease. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine, 76(5): 429-434. (ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Karesh, William B., and Cook, Robert A. 2005. The human-animal link.  Foreign Affairs, 84: 38–50. (ONE HEALTH; FARMED ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Karesh, William B., Dobson, Andy, Lloyd-Smith, James O., Lubroth, Juan, Dixon, M. A., Bennett, Malcom, ... and Machalaba, Catherine C. 2012. Ecology of zoonoses: natural and unnatural histories. The Lancet, 380(9857): 1936-1945. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Keesing, Felicia, Belden, Lisa K., Daszak, Peter, Dobson, Andrew, Harvell, C. Drew, Holt, Robert D., ... andMyers, Samuel S. 2010. Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases.Nature, 468(7324): 647-652. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; ONE HEALTH)

Kilpatrick, A. Marm, andRandolph, Sarah E. 2012. Drivers, dynamics, and control of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases. The Lancet, 380(9857): 1946-1955. (VECTOR-BORNE; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Kilpatrick, A. Marm. 2011. Globalization, land use, and the invasion of West Nile virus. Science, 334(6054): 323-327. (WEST NILE VIRUS; ONE HEALTH)

Kruse, Hilde, Kirkemo, Anne-Mette, and Handeland, Kjell 2004. Wildlife as source of zoonotic infections.Emerging infectious diseases, 10(12), 2067. (ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Le Duc, James W., and Nathanson, Neal 2016. Emerging viral diseases: why we need to worry about bats, camels, and airplanes. In Viral Pathogenesis, edited by Michael G. Katze, Marcus J. Korth, ... Neal Nathanson (pp. 215-231). Academic Press. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Leibler, Jessica H., Otte, Joachim, and Silbergeld, Ellen K. 2008. Zoonotic disease risks and socioeconomic structure of industrial poultry production: review of the US experience with contract growing.  Research Reports RR, (08-06). (FARMED ANIMALS; AVIAN INFLUENZA)

Leibler, Jessica H., Otte, Joachim., Roland-Holst, David, Pfeiffer, Dirk U., Magalhaes, Ricardo S., Rushton, Jonathan, ... and Silbergeld, Ellen K. 2009. Industrial food animal production and global health risks: exploring the ecosystems and economics of avian influenza.  Ecohealth, 6(1): 58–70. (FARMED ANIMALS)

Lindsey, Peter. et al. 2020 Conserving Africa’s wildlife and wildlands through the COVID-19 crisis and beyond. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 4(10): 1300–1310. (SARS-CoV-2; COVID19; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Lycett, Samantha. J., Duchatel, Florian, and Digard, Paul. 2019 A brief history of bird flu.  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B374(1775). (AVIAN INFLUENZA; ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Lycett, Samantha. J., Duchatel, Florian, and Digard, Paul. 2019. A brief history of bird flu.  Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B374(1775). (AVIAN INFLUENZA, FARMED ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Lymbery, Philip. 2020. Covid-19: Cómo la ganadería industrial propicia pandemias.  Derecho Animal, 11(4): 141-149. (COVID19; AVIAN FLU; SWINE FLU; FARMED ANIMALS)

Macpherson, Calum N. 2005. Human behaviour and the epidemiology of parasitic zoonoses. International journal for parasitology, 35(11-12): 1319-1331.                                        (COMPANION ANIMALS; FARMED ANIMALS)

Magouras, Ioannis, Brookes, Victoria J., Jori, Ferran, Martin, Angela, Pfeiffer, Dirk U., andDürr, Salome 2020. Emerging Zoonotic Diseases: Should We Rethink the Animal–Human Interface?. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 748. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; COVID19; SARS; AVIAN INFLUENZA)

Mahy, Brian W., and Brown, Corrie C. 2000. Emerging zoonoses: crossing the species barrier.  Revue Scientifique et Technique, 19(1): 33-40. (FARMED ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE; AIDS; INFLUENZA; NIPAH)

Mathews, Fiona 2009. Zoonoses in wildlife: integrating ecology into management. Advances in parasitology, 68: 185-209. (ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Meng, Xiang‐Jin, David S. Lindsay, and Nammalwar Sriranganathan. 2009. Wild boars as sources for infectious diseases in livestock and humans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 364(1530): 2697-2707. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Monsalve, Santiago, Mattar, Salim, and Gonzalez, Marco. 2009. Zoonosis transmitidas por animales silvestres y su impacto en las enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes.  Revista MVZ Córdoba, 14(2): 1762–1773 (COVID19; FARMED ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Morand, Serge, McIntyre, K. Marie, andBaylis, Matthew 2014. Domesticated animals and human infectious diseases of zoonotic origins: domestication time matters. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 24: 76-81. (FARMED ANIMALS)

Morens, David M., Folkers, Gregory K., and Fauci, Anthony S. 2004. The challenge of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Nature, 430(6996): 242-249. (ONE HEALTH)

Morse, Stephen S., et al. Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis. The Lancet 380.9857 (2012): 1956-1965. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Murray, Kris A., Allen, Toph, Loh, Elisabeth., Machalaba, Catherine, andDaszak, Peter. 2016. Emerging viral zoonoses from wildlife associated with animal-based food systems: risks and opportunities. In Food safety risks from wildlife, edited by Michele Jay-RussellMichael P. Doyle (pp. 31-57). Cham: Springer. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS; AVIAN INFLUENZA; SARS; EBOLA; HIV)

Myers, Kendall P., et al. 2006. Are swine workers in the United States at increased risk of infection with zoonotic influenza virus?. Clinical infectious diseases, 42(1): 14-20. (INFLUENZA; FARMED ANIMALS)

Navarro-Gonzalez, Nora, Ugarte-Ruiz, María, Domínguez, Lucas, andRuiz-Fons, Francisco 2016. A European perspective on the transmission of foodborne pathogens at the wildlife–livestock–human interface. In Food safety risks from wildlife, edited by Michele Jay-RussellMichael P. Doyle (pp. 59-88). Cham: Springer. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Neupane, Dinesh. 2020. How conservation will be impacted in the COVID-19 pandemic. Wildlife Biology2020(2). (COVID-19; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

O’Sullivan, Victoria. 2020. Non-Human Animal Trauma During the Pandemic. Postdigit Sci Educ 2: 588–596. (SARS-CoV-2; FARMED ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

OECD. 2020. Biodiversity and the economic response to COVID-19: Ensuring a green and resilient recovery. OECD Policy Response, 28 September. (COVID19; ANIMALS IN NATURE; ONE HEALTH)

Olival, Kevin J. et al. 2017. Host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals. Nature, 546(7660): 646-650. (ANIMALS IN NATURE;  FARMED ANIMALS)

Ostfeld, Richard S. 2009. Biodiversity loss and the rise of zoonotic pathogens. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 15: 40-43. (WEST NILE VIRUS; LYME; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Patrono, Livia V. et al. 2018. Human coronavirus OC43 outbreak in wild chimpanzees, Côte d´Ivoire, 2016. Emerging Microbes and Infections, 7(1): 1–4.                                           (ANIMALS IN NATURE; ZOO)

Pavlin, Boris I., Schloegel, Lisa M., and Daszak, Peter. 2009. Risk of importing zoonotic diseases through wildlife trade, United StatesEmerging infectious diseases, 15(11): 1721. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Platto, Sara. et al. 2020. Biodiversity loss and COVID-19 pandemic: The role of bats in the origin and the spreading of the disease. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 538: 2–13. (COVID-19; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

ProVeg e.V. 2020. Informe sobre Pandemias y Alimentación: Parte I – Estableciendo la conexión: Pandemias y sistemas alimentarios basados en productos animales. Berlín: Proveg. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Pulliam, Juliet R. et al. 2012. Agricultural intensification, priming for persistence and the emergence of Nipah virus: a lethal bat-borne zoonosis. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 9(66): 89-101. (NIPAH VIRUS; FARMED ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Reaser, Jamie K., Clark Jr, Edward E., and Meyers, N. Marshall 2008. All creatures great and minute: a public policy primer for companion animal zoonoses. Zoonoses and public health, 55(8‐10): 385-401. (COMPANION ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Reid, Ann H., Taubenberger, Jeffrey K., and Fanning, Thomas G. 2001. The 1918 Spanish influenza: integrating history and biology. Microbes and infection, 3(1), 81-87. (INFLUENZA; FARMED ANIMALS)

Reperant, Leslie A., Moesker, Fleur M., and Osterhaus, Albert D. 2016. Influenza: from zoonosis to pandemic. ERJ Open Res 2: 00013‐2016 (INFLUENZA VIRUSES)

Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J. D.et al. 2020. History is repeating itself: Probable zoonotic spillover as the cause of the 2019 novel Coronavirus Epidemic.  Infez Med, 28(1): 3-5. (COVID19; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Saunders-Hastings, Patrick R., and Krewski, Daniel. 2016. Reviewing the history of pandemic influenza: understanding patterns of emergence and transmission. Pathogens, 5(4): 66. (INFLUENZA)

Sehgal, Ravinder N. M. 2010. Deforestation and avian infectious diseases. Journal of experimental biology, 213(6): 955-960. (ONE HEALTH; AVIAN FLU; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Singh, B. B., Sharma, R., Gill, J. P. S., Aulakh, R. S., and Banga, H. S. 2011. Climate change, zoonoses and India.  Revue Scientifique et Technique-OIE, 30(3), 779. (FARMED ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE; ONE HEALTH)

Slingenbergh, J., Gilbert, M., Balogh, K. D., and Wint, W. 2004. Ecological sources of zoonotic diseases. Revue scientifique et technique-Office international des épizooties, 23(2): 467-484.  (FARMED ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Smith, Kristine M., Anthony, Simon J., Switzer, William M., Epstein, Jonathan H., Seimon, Tracie, Jia, H., ... andSleeman, J. M. 2012. Zoonotic viruses associated with illegally imported wildlife products. PloS one, 7(1), e29505. (ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Sun, Honglei, et al. 2020. Prevalent Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus with 2009 pandemic viral genes facilitating human infection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences117.29: 17204-17210. (SWINE INFLUENZA; FARMED ANIMALS)

Taubenberger, Jeffrey K., andMorens, David M. 2006. 1918 Influenza: the mother of all pandemics. Revista Biomedica, 17(1): 69-79. (SPANISH INFLUENZA)

Tomley, Fiona M., and Martin W. Shirley. 2009. Livestock infectious diseases and zoonosesPhil. Trans. R. Soc. B3642637–264 (FARMED ANIMALS; INFLUENZA)

Trovão, Nídia S., and Martha I. Nelson. 2020. When Pigs Fly: Pandemic influenza enters the 21st century.PLoS Pathogens, 16(3), e1008259. (INFLUENZA;  FARMED ANIMALS; COMPANION ANIMALS)

Tweneboah Lawson, Elaine, Ohemeng, Fidelia, Ayivor, Jesse, Leach, Melissa, Waldman, Linda, andNtiamoa-Baidu, Yaa. 2017. Understanding Framings and Perceptions of Spillover: Preventing Future Outbreaks of Bat-Borne Zoonoses?. Disaster Prevention and Management, 26(4): 396–411. (ANIMALS IN NATURE)

United Nations Environment Programme and International Livestock Research Institute. 2020. Preventing the Next Pandemic: Zoonotic diseases and how to break the chain of transmission.  UN Environment Programme, 6 July. (COVID-19; ONE HEALTH; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Volpato, Gabriele et al. 2020. Baby pangolins on my plate: possible lessons to learn from the COVID-19 pandemic. J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 16, 19 (ANIMALS IN NATURE; COVID19)

Vorou, Rengina M., Papavassiliou, Vassilios G., and Tsiodras, Sotiris. 2007. Emerging zoonoses and vector-borne infections affecting humans in Europe.  Epidemiology & infection, 135(8): 1231-1247. (FARMED ANIMALS; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Wallace, Robert G. 2009. Breeding influenza: the political virology of offshore FARMEDing. Antipode, 41(5): 916-951. (INFLUENZA; FARMED ANIMALS)

Weiss, Robin A., and Anthony J. McMichael. 2004. Social and environmental risk factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Nature Medicine, 10(12): S70-S76. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS; ONE HEALTH)

Wolfe, Nathan D., Daszak, Peter, Kilpatrick, A. Marm, andBurke, Donald S. 2005. Bushmeat hunting, deforestation, and prediction of zoonotic disease. Emerging infectious diseases11(12), 1822. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Wolfe, Nathan D., Dunavan, Claire Panoisian, andDiamond, Jared 2007. Origins of major human infectious diseases. Nature, 447(7142): 279-283. (ANIMALS IN NATURE; FARMED ANIMALS)

Wu, Xiaoxu, Lu, Yongmeil., Zhou, S., Chen, L., andXu, B. 2016. Impact of climate change on human infectious diseases: Empirical evidence and human adaptation. Environment international, 86: 14-23. (ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Xu, Rui-Heng et al. 2004. Epidemiologic clues to SARS origin in China. Emerging infectious diseases, 10(6): 1030. (SARS; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Zhao, Guo-Ping. 2007. SARS molecular epidemiology: a Chinese fairy tale of controlling an emerging zoonotic disease in the genomics era. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 362(1482): 1063-1081. (SARS; ANIMALS IN NATURE)

Akhtar, Aysha. To Avoid the Next Pandemic, We Need to Stop Factory Farming. Sentient Media. 13 August 2020.

Almiron, Núria. No és el coronavirus, és l’ètica.  Ara. 13 març 2020.

Animal's Health. Día Mundial de las Zoonosis: La salud de los animales también es salud pública. Animal's Health. 6 julio 2020.

Argent, Gala. The Human-Animal Studies Report. Animals & Society. November 2020.

Benatar, David. Our Cruel Treatment of Animals Led to the CoronavirusThe New York Times. April 13 2020.

Bridgeman, Laura. Coronavirus: Did Animal Agriculture Cause COVID-19?  Sentient Media. 16 December 2020.

Bridgeman, Laura. Factory Farms Are the Perfect Breeding Grounds for Zoonotic Diseases. Sentient Media. 2 December 2020.

Bridgeman, Laura. Wet Markets and the Risk of Transmitting Zoonotic Diseases.  Sentient Media. May 14, 2020.

Bridgers, Jessica. We Stand at a Crossroads”: Jane Goodall Joins Call for UN to Address Animals.  Sentient Media. 3 December 2020.

Brunette, Matt. Are chimpanzees at risk of COVID-19?  The Jane Goodall Institute of Canada. 2020.

Ruiz Carreras, María. Virus, cerdos y humanos: nuestra adicción a comer animales y sus consecuencias.  EL Salto. 12 de julio 2020.

Ruiz Carreras, María. Aysha Akhtar: “Detener el maltrato animal evitará futuras pandemias”. El Salto. 25 marzo 2020. 

Carrington, Damian. Coronavirus poses lethal threat to great apes, experts warn.  The Guardian, 24 March 2020. 

Cary, Paul et Rodriguez, Jacques. Deux ou trois choses que la Covid nous dit de la nature et du capitalisme.Sens Public. 23 novembre 2020.

Christen, Caroline. Mink Farming’s Pandemic Potential.  Sentient Media. 12 November 2020.

Clark, Shand. The Best Defense Against the Next Pandemic: Your Fork.  Sentient Media. 6 April 2020.

Collectif de 120 scientifiques. La prochaine pandémie est prévisible, il est temps de prendre au sérieux la crise écologique.  Le Temps. 5 mai 2020.

Cumbers, John. Preventing Another Pandemic Might Be As Simple As Trying Alternative Meat.  Forbes. 9 May 2020.

De Quatrebarbes, Pia. L’élevage industriel, une usine à pandémies.  L'Humanité. 28 novembre 2020.

Dehghan, Leila. Got Mucus? Ditch Dairy to Better Fight COVID-19." Sentient Media. 10 July 2020.

Delker, Rebecca. COVID-19 Exposing Flawed Moral Framework Behind Animal Testing." Sentient Media. 8 June 2020.

Duquense, Juliette. La disparition du monde sauvage facilite les épidémies.  Marianne. 17 mars 2020.

EFE. El ébola ha matado ya al 25% de los gorilas de la llanura africana. El Mundo. 8 Diciembre 2006.

Einhorn, Catrin. Animal Viruses Are Jumping to Humans. Forest Loss Makes It Easier.  New York Times. 9 April 2020.

El Ágora. Zoonosis: cuando animales y humanos comparten enfermedades. El Ágora. 10 noviembre 2020.

Estensen, Karen. Post COVID-19, Let’s Forge a New Normal for Farmed Animals.  Sentient Media. July 17, 2020.

Europa Press. España lidera el "alarmante" avance de la ganadería industrial en Europa, según un informe de Amigos de la Tierra.  Público. 29 octubre 2020.

Europe 1. La pandémie de Covid-19 est-elle la première d'une longue liste? Europe 1. 16 décembre 2020.

Ferreirim, Luís. ¿Qué tiene que ver la ganadería industrial con las pandemias?  Greenpeace. 3 mayo 2020.

Formella, Rachel. Coronavirus Pandemic Threatening Last of the Great Apes
By Rachel Formella.
 Sentient Media.  June 1, 2020

Galey, Patrick. Intensive farming heightens pandemic risk. The Jakarta Post. 6 August 2020.

Garí, Roser. La próxima pandemiaPúblico. 7 marzo 2021.

Garí, Roser. El tráfico de animales salvajes pone en peligro la salud mundialViento Sur. 28 marzo 2020.

Garí, Roser. Animales durante la pandemia: lo bueno, lo malo y lo feoEldiario.es. 12 junio 2020.

Garí, Roser. El coronavirus: una razón más para frenar el tráfico de vida salvajeEldiario.es. 17 marzo 2020.

Gibbens, Sarah. Mieux protéger la nature et les animaux permettra d'éviter de futures pandémies. National Geographic. 30 octobre 2020.

Hamlett, Claire. Dutch Parliament Votes to Close Mink Fur Farms Following COVID-19 Outbreaks. Sentient Media. 23 June 2020.

Hamlett, Claire. The Other Pandemic: Avian Flu Is Spreading Around the Globe. Sentient Media. 19 January 2020.

Harris, Jesse. COVID-19 Demonstrating Risks of Ontario’s Proposed “Ag-Gag” Law. Sentient Media. 8 June 2020.

Heppler, Em & Shank, Micheal. Will Coronavirus Be What Finally Kills Factory Farming? 22 May 2020.

Holpuch, Amanda. Meat-Free Future? Coronavirus Exposes America’s Fragile Food System.  Sentient Media. May 13 2020.

Jabr, Ferris. How Humanity Unleashed a Flood of New Diseases. New York Times. 17 June 2020.

Johnson, Alaine. Has Earth’s Most Trafficked Mammal Stopped the World? Sentient Media. May 5 2020.

La Paradoja de Jevons. ¿Sueñan las ovejas con COVID-19? Ganadería intensiva y las nuevas pandemias.  El Salto. 15 mayo 2020.

Lee, Eddie. We Need To Evolve: The Gastro-Cultural & Ethnomedical Traditions That Got Us Here.  SentienT Media. 31 March 2020.

Levitt, Tom. Covid and farm animals: nine pandemics that changed the world.  The Guardian. 15 February 2020.

Lingel, Grant. How to Prevent Future Pandemics: Fix the Broken Food System.  Sentient Media. 27 April 2020.

MacDonald , Mia & Molidor, Jennifer. Gassed, Shot, and Suffocated: How Meat Companies Are Killing Farmed Animals During COVID-19.  Sentient Media. 7 July 2020.

Marino, Lori. The Psychology of Blaming Others During the Time of COVID-19.  Sentient Media. April 27, 2020.

Martins, Alejandra. El mundo está tratando los síntomas de la pandemia de covid-19, pero no las causas. BBC News Mundo. 21 julio 2020.

McKenzie, David; Formanek, Ingrid; Sutter John D.; Patton, Nick. Vanishing. CNN Edition. December 2016.

Meek, Taylor& Zampa, Matthew. The New York Times Swapped an Image of Animal Carcasses for an Abstract Illustration. But Why?  Sentient Media. 29 May 2020

Mishler, Jennifer Mishler. A Huge Lack of Transparency”: The Problem With USDA’s $19-Billion Coronavirus Relief Program.  Sentient Media. 23 September 2020.

Mishler, Jennifer. Testing Our Luck: Will Animal Research Give Us a COVID-19 Vaccine?  Sentient Media. 31 august 2020.

Morand, Serge. Santé, Biodiversité, “One Health”. Fondation Biodiversité. Avril 2019.

Moulas, Capucine. Coronavirus: d'autres virus menacent déjà... quelle sera la prochaine pandémie mondiale? La Dépéche. 7 octobre 2020.

Moutou, François. Les zoonoses, entre humains et animaux. La Vie de Idées. 1 mai 2020.

Murphy, Macken. Coronavirus Should Make You Reconsider Eating Meat.  Sentient Media. 18 March 2020.

NBC News. Are humans to blame for the coronavirus? How deforestation gives rise to pandemics.  NBC News. 9 April 2020.

Parthemos, Despina. In China, Traditional Remedies for COVID-19 Are Fueling the Wildlife Trade.  Sentient media. 1 December 2020.

Plotczyk, Lorelei. Is Speciesism Driving the Coronavirus Pandemic?  Sentient Media. 12 August 2020.

Porcher, Jocelyne. Vivre avec les animaux. Une utopie pour le XXIe siècle.  La Découverte, 2011.

Price, Kiley. 3 ways to prevent the next pandemic with nature, according to science.  Conservation.org. 23 July 2020.

Robinson, Nicholas A., Walzer, Christian. Cómo evitar una nueva epidemiaInvestigación y Ciencia. 20 mayo 2020.

Roger-Lacan, Baptiste. La vengeance du pangolin? conversation avec François Moutou et Frédéric Keck. Le Grand Continent. 1 avril 2020.

Safran, Jonahatan & GrossWe, Aaron S. We have to wake up: factory farms are breeding grounds for pandemics. The Guardian. 20 April 2020.

Schlitz, Heather. Meatpacking Workers Say Attendance Policy Forces Them to Work with Potential COVID-19 Symptoms. Sentient Media. 20 October 2020.

Sebo, Jeff & Subler Nico. To Reduce the Risk of Pandemics, We Must Ban Factory Farms Now. Sentient Media. April 7 2020.

Sentient Media. How to Prevent the Next Pandemic. Sentient Media. May 8 2020.

Sinergia Animal. Cinco medios de comunicación destacan vínculo entre la pandemia y la ganadería industrial. Sinergia Animal.

Sinergia Animal. Superbactérias en ganado tienen más víctimas fatales que el coronavirus, según ONG. Sinergia Animal.

Sol, Vanessa. Live Markets Aren’t Just China’s Problem.  Sentient Media. 7 January 2021.

The Brussels Times. Intensive farming increases risk of pandemic spread. The Brussels Times. 9 August 2020.

Warden, Lisa. A Palate for Pestilence: Ominous Links Between COVID-19 and Industrial Animal Farming. Sentient Media. 19 March 2020.

World Organization for Animal Health. Protecting “One Health”. World Organization for Animal Health.

World Wild Fund for Nature (WWF). Nature and pandemics. WWF

Zakaria, Fareed. The real scandal isn’t what China did to us. It’s what we did to ourselves. The Washington Post. 7 May 2020.

Zampa, Matthew. New Mini-Doc Exposes Pork Industry’s “Unseen” Pandemic Risks. Sentient Media. 15 July 2020.

Andiman, Warren A. 2018. Animal Viruses and Humans, a Narrow Divide. Paul Dry Books, Inc. 2020. 

Bauerfeind, Rolf, Alexander Von Graevenitz, Peter Kimmig, Hans Gerd Schiefer, Tino Schwarz, Werner Slenczka and Horst Zahner.  2016. Zoonoses Infectious Diseases Transmissible Between Animals and Humans. Bel Air, MA: SMA Press.

Crosby, Alfred W. 2003. America's forgotten pandemic: the influenza of 1918. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 

Diamond, Jared, and Lincoln E. Ford. 2000. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

Fong, Ignatius W. 2017. Emerging Zoonoses.  A Worldwide PerspectiveLondon: Springer.

Greenfeld, Karl Taro. 2007. China Syndrome: The True Story of the 21st Century's First Great Epidemic. Harper Collins.

Greger, Michael. 2006. Bird Flu: A Virus of our Own HatchingNew York: Lantern Books.

Khan, Ali S. 2016. The Next Pandemic: On the Front Lines Against Humankind's Gravest Dangers.  New York: Public Affairs.

Lallo, Maria Anete. 2012. Deforestation and Water Borne Parasitic Zoonoses. In Deforestation Around the World, edited by Paulo Moutinho, pp. 35–48. Rijeka, Croatia: Intech.

Quammen, David. 2012. Spillover. Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

Sing, Andreas (Ed.). 2014Zoonoses-Infections Affecting Humans and Animals: Focus on Public Health Aspects. London: Springer.

Sipress, Alan. 2009. The Fatal Strain: On the Trail of Avian Flu and the Coming Pandemic.  London: Penguin Books.

Taylor, Steven.  2019. The Psychology of Pandemics: Preparing for the Next Global Outbreak of Infectious Disease. NewCastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. 

Wolfe, Nathan. 2011. The Viral Storm: The Dawn of a New Pandemic Age. New York: Henry Holt & Company.