Computational modeling of the occurrence of thrombus formation on the catheter during radiofrequency cardiac ablation

Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation (RFCA) is a well-established minimally invasive medical procedure to thermally destroy cardiac arrhythmias. An RF current is delivered via an ablating electrode embedded at the catheter-tip and, as a consequence, a thermal lesion is created in the target tissue (> 50°C at which point tissue is irreversibly damaged). Safe RF delivery requires that catheter temperatures not exceed approximately 80ºC to avoid thrombus formation on the catheter caused by boiling of plasma and adherence of denaturized plasma proteins to the ablation electrode. Open-irrigated electrodes have been developed to prevent the occurrence of local thrombus formation, allowing greater power delivering, and, as a consequence, improving catheter efficiency and safety in lesion creation. These electrodes allow continuous saline flushing through small holes arranged on the surface of the distal part of the electrode to reduce the overheating of the blood-tissue interface. However, to date, it is still really complicated to predict the occurrence of thrombus formation during RFCA. The aim of this thesis proposal is to conduct a computational model of an open-irrigated electrode surrounded by circulating blood including the thermal and fluid dynamics mechanisms to model the possible occurrence of thrombus formation on the electrode surface during RFCA.