Bio
Tenured Associate Professor (Professora Agregada) at the Department de Traducció i Ciéncies del Llenguatge of the Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) and senior researcher at the Institut Universitari de Lingüstica Aplicada (IULA), also, of the UPF.
My area of research is Natural Language Processing (NLP). My current interests are mainly related to the automatic acquisition and exploitation of Language Resources (LR). Currently, I am leading a research group focused on projects related to Technologies of Language Resources
In 1986, I started working in NLP when I was awarded a grant to collborate with the group that was developing Spanish modules for METAL, a machine translation system, in Siemens-Barcelona. In 1987, I moved to work for the EU project EUROTRA, also in Machine Translation, hosted by the Universitat de Barcelona (UB). In 1993, I became technical director of a small group of researchers in the UB while continuing work within the field of NLP through different research projects under the Grup d'Investigació en Lingüstica Computacional - Universitat de Barcelona. Projects from that 10-year period may be found here: gilcUB. These projects are mainly related to the development of Language Resources and NLP applications (MULTEXT, PAROLE, SIMPLE, TRADE, PEKING).
In 2003 I was awarded with a 5 years grant by the Ramón y Cajal Program of the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, and it was attached to the IULA at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra. The research in that period has been mostly devoted to the development of systems of Automatic Acquisition of Lexical Information, to develop lexica for deep linguistic parsing and Machine Translation.
Complete CV
Current projects
METANET4U
METANET4U: Enhancing the European Linguistic Infrastructure, (2011-2013), funded by UNER - Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Program, (CIP-PSP-270893). The central objective of the METANET4U project is to contribute to the establishment of a pan-European digital platform that makes available language resources and services, encompassing both datasets and software tools, for speech and language processing, and supports a new generation of exchange facilities for them. The project will be developed by the following partners in a consortium: Universitat Pompeu Fabra, University of Lisbon, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, University de Manchester, University Alexandru Ioan Cuza, Insitutul de Cercetarri Pentru Inteligenta Artificiala and the University de Malta. (http://metanet4u.eu/).
PANACEA
PANACEA: Platform for the Automatic, Normalized Acquisition of Language Resources for Human Language Technologies, (2010-2012), funded by the Language Technologies Area, Information and Communication Technologies, of the 7th Framework Programme (7FP-ITC-248064). PANACEA will develop technologies for the automation of all stages involved in the acquisition, production, updating, validation and maintenance of Linguistic Technologies and Resources. The project, coordinated by our group, counts with the participation of Cambridge University, the Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale, Italy, the Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Greece, Dublin City University, Ireland and two companies, the german Linguatec and the french ELDA, Evaluation and Language Resources Distribution Agency (http://www.panacea-lr.eu).
CLARA
CLARA Initial Training Network for Common Language Resources and their Applications, has started its activities on 1st of December, within the context of the Marie Curie programme of the EU 7th Framework Programme ( Marie Curie Initial Training Network 7FP-ITN-238405). The objective of the CLARA network is to launch the training of a new generation of experts in linguistics that can develop methods of research for the construction, the use and the applications of language resources. The scientific objectives of CLARA are to go in greater depth into the creation of linguistic models based on real data that are then analysed with statistical and machine-learning tools, and on the hybridisation of techniques and methods of analysis. CLARA will fund a total of 17 training grants in different areas related to the creation, the use, and the applications of language resources. The calls will be being made public on the web page of the project (http://clara.uibo.no) and in Euraxess (http://ec.europa.eu/euraxess)
Past research projects (2004 - 2011)
FLARENET
Flarenet: Fostering Language Resources Network, funded by the e-contentplus program of the European Union, Flarenet is a networking organization whose aims are devising and promoting consensual recommendations concerning the future development, deployment and use of LRs. Flarenet will indicate best practices and best policies for coordinating future actions and projects. The major activities of the Network will be to survey, analyse, classify LRs and relevant standards, together with their organisational and economic models, and discuss with major stakeholders and players upon new common strategies for a capillary deployment and use of LRs in real-world products.(http://flarenet.eu)
CLARIN
Clarin: Common Language Resources and Technologies Infrastructure, in Spain co-funded by the 7FP of the EU (FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2007-1-212230) and the Spanish Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia(CAC-2007-23) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (ICTS-2008-11 and ACI2009-0995). CLARIN is committed to establish an integrated and interoperable research infrastructure of language resources and its technology. It aims at lifting the current fragmentation, offering a stable, persistent, accessible and extendable infrastructure and therefore enabling eHumanities. (clarin-es.iula.upf.edu) and (www.clarin.eu)
CLARIN-CAT
Clarin-CAT, funded by the Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa of the Generalitat de Catalunya, this project is committed to the integration of the Catalan language in CLARIN by the development of a demonstrator. This demonstrator will integrate resources in Catalan as well as exploitation tools into the European Infraestructure CLARIN.
Adquisición automática de información léxica (AAILE y AAILE2), funded by the Ministry of Education and Culture (HUM2004-05111-C02-01/FILO and HUM2007-61067/FILO). The goal of our research is to study the feasibility of the automatic acquisition of the information contained in computational lexicons from corpus. The methodology is by using syntactic restrictions to bias the data, checking the lexical representation against experimental observations. Eventually, what deserves our interest in this area is to understand the role of the syntactic and semantic constraints that operate in texts, and in the feasibility of acquiring related information. Finding how Machine Learning methods can capture them will allow us to improve both the applications aiming at automatic acquisition of lexical information as well as the representation of the lexicon itself. AAILE web page
Linguistic Infrastructure for Interoperable Resources and Systems (LIRICS), funded by e-content program of European Union (EDC-22236). Duration of the project: 2004-2006. The key objective of LIRICS is to provide the European content and language industries with a common and stable set of formats, in the form of ISO standards, enabling interoperability and reuse of multilingual language resources, digital content and language engineering software.
Traducció automàtica de codi obert per al català (TACOC), funded by the Catalan government, its goal is the development of machine translation modules for Catalan-French, Catalan-Aranès, Catalan-English for the open source shallow-transfer machine translation platform Apertium developed by the Group Transducens, University of Alicante. [finished 02-07] DEMO at http://xixona.dlsi.ua.es/apertium
Traducció automàtica de codi obert per a l'esperanto. funded by ABC ENCIKLOPEDIOJ S.L. and with the support of Xavier Batlle, Associació Catalana d'Esperanto, Miguel Gutiérrez Adúriz and Prompsit (Group Transducens Universitat d'Alacant). It developed machine translation modules for Catalan > Esperanto and Spanish > Esperanto. DEMO at http://xixona.dlsi.ua.es/apertium-unstable/
Current research topics
Automatic acquisition of Language Resources: AAILE web page and www.flarenet.eu
Technologies of language resources
Modelling of linguistic information contained in lexica for deep linguistic analysis
Grammars for deep linguistic analysis
Supervision
I am currently supervising the following PhD Students
Publications, Publicaciones, Publicacions
2011
Bel, N., Padró, M. and Necsulescu, S. "A Method Towards the Fully Automatic Merging of Lexical Resources". This article will be presented on the Workshop on Language Resources, Technology and Services in the Sharing Paradigm – November 12, 2011 at IJCNLP 2011 (Chiang Mai, Thailand).
Poch, M., Bel, N. "Interoperability and technology for a language resources factory”. This article will be presented on the Workshop on Language Resources, Technology and Services in the Sharing Paradigm – November 12, 2011 at IJCNLP 2011 (Chiang Mai, Thailand).
Necsulescu, Silvia, Bel, Núria, Padró, Muntsa, Marimon, Montserrat, Revilla, Eva. (2011). "Towards the Automatic Merging of Language Resources". First international Workshop on Lexical Resources. Woler 2011. Ljubljana, Slovenia: 1-5 August 2011. http://alpage.inria.fr/~sagot/pub/WoLeR_2011_proceedings.pdf
Padró, M.; Bel, N.; Necsulescu, S. (2011). "Towards the Automatic Merging of Lexical Resources". in Angelova, G; Bontcheva, K., Mitkov, R., Kikolov, N. Proceedings of the International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language processing, Hisar, Bulgaria, ISSN 1313-8502 http://lml.bas.bg/~iva/ranlp2011/RANLR2011_Proceedings.PDF
Villegas, M.; Bel, N.; Moreno, A. and Simelio, N. (2011). "Analizing androcentric focus & deshumanization in news headlines using advanced exploitation tools". in Proceedings of Digital humanities; Supporting Digital Humanities: Answering the unaskable. Copenhaguen.
Arano Poggi, Silvia; Martínez Ayuso, Gemma; Losada Yáñez, Marina; Villegas Montserrat, Marta; Casaldàliga Riera, Anna; Bel Rafecas, Núria. (2011) "La comunidad 'Recursos y datos primarios' de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra: los repositorios institucionales como infraestructuras científicas : estudio de caso". Revista Española de Documentación Científica (CSIC).
Alonso, Hector Martinez; Bel, Núria; Pedersen, Bolette Sandford. (2011). "Identification of sense selection in regular polysemy using shallow features". Proceedings of the 18th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics NODALIDA 2011. Editors: Bolette Sandford Pedersen, Gunta Nešpore and Inguna Skadi?a. NEALT Proceedings Series. 18th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics. Vol. 11. Pàg. 18--25. Riga, Latvia.
Arano Poggi, Silvia; Martínez Ayuso, Gemma; Losada Yáñez, Marina; Villegas Montserrat, Marta; Casaldàliga Riera, Anna; Bel Rafecas, Núria. (2011). "Primary data in an institutional repository: a case study". LIBER 40th Annual Conference: Barcelona, España.
2010
Bel, Núria; Coll, Maria; Resnik, Gabriela (2010). "Automatic Detection of Non-deverbal Event Nouns for Quick Lexicon Production" dins Huang, Chu-Ren and Jurafsky, Dan. Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-2010). Beijing, China: Coling 2010 Organizing Committee. Pàg. 46--52. ISBN 978-7-900-268-00-
Bel, Núria (2010). "Handling of Missing Values in Lexical Acquisition" dins Calzolari, Nicoletta et al. Proceedings of the Seventh conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10). Paris, France: European Language Resources Association (ELRA). Pàg. 2728-2735. ISBN 2-9517408-6-7 http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2010/pdf/45_Paper.pdf
Martínez, Héctor; Villegas, Marta; Bel, Núria; Bel, Santiago; Alemany, Francesca (2010). "Lexicography in the grid environment" dins Granger, Sylviane; Paquot, Magali eLexicography in the 21st century : New challenges, new applications. Louvain: Presses universitaires de Louvain o Cahiers du CENTAL . Pàg. 425-437. ISBN 10 2-87463-211-2
Parra, Carla; Villegas, Marta; Bel, Núria (2010). "The BAsic Metadata DEScription (BAMDES) and TheHarvestingDay.eu: Towards Sustainability and Visibility of LRT" dins Calzolari, Nicoletta et al. Proceedings of the Seventh conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10). Paris, France: European Language Resources Association (ELRA). Pàg. 49-53. ISBN 2-9517408-6-7 http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2010/workshops/W20.pdf
Villegas, Marta ; Bel, Núria; Bel, Santiago; Rodríguez, Víctor (2010). "A Case Study on Interoperability for Language Resources and Applications" dins Calzolari, Nicoletta et al. Proceedings of the Seventh conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10). Paris, France: European Language Resources Association (ELRA). Pàg. 3512-3519. ISBN 2-9517408-6-7 http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2010/pdf/418_Paper.pdf
Wittenburg, Peter; Bel, Nuria; Borin, Lars et al. (2010). "Resource and Service Centres as the Backbone for a Sustainable Service Infrastructure" dins Calzolari, Nicoletta et al. Proceedings of the Seventh conference on International Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC'10). Paris, France: European Language Resources Association (ELRA). Pàg. 60-63. ISBN 2-9517408-6-7 http://www.lrec-conf.org/proceedings/lrec2010/pdf/679_Paper.pdf
2009
Resnik, Gabriela; Bel, Núria (2009). "Automatic Detection of Non-deverbal Event Nouns in Spanish" in -- Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Generative Approaches to the Lexicon. Pisa: Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale (pdf).
Villegas, Marta; Bel, Núria, Bel, Santiago; Alemany, Francesca; Martínez, Hèctor (2009). "Lexicography in the grid environment " in Proceedings of e-lex 2009. Lovaina: Cahiers du Cental. Pàg. (in press).
Bel, Núria; Calzolari, Nicoletta (2009). "FLaReNet: una red para fomentar los recursos lingüísticos" in Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural 43. Pàg. 383-384. (ISSN 1135-5948) http://www.sepln.org/revistaSEPLN/revista/43/articulos/art51.pdf
2008
Bel, Núria (2008). "Review of Dubkjaer, Laila; Hemsen, Holmer; Minker, Wolfgang, eds. Evaluation of Text and Speech Systems, Springer, 2007 " Machine Translation 21(1). The Neetherlands: Springer Netherlands. Pàg. 73-76 (ISSN 0922-6567).
Francopoulo, Gil; Bel, Nuria; George, Monte; Calzolari, Nicoletta; Monachini, Monica; Pet, Mandy; Soria, Claudia (2008) Multilingual Resources for NLP in the Lexical Markup Framework (LMF). In Witt, Andreas; Seraset, Guilles (eds.). Multilingual Language Resources and Interoperability. Journal of Language Resources and Evaluation (ISSN 1572-8412).
Bel, Núria; Espeja, Sergio; Marimon, Montserrat (2008). "The Structure of the Lexicon in the Task of Automatic Lexical Acquisition" dins Bernal, E.; DeCesaris, J. (eds.) Proceedings of the XIII EURALEX International Congress (Barcelona, 15-19 July 2008). Barcelona: Institut Universitari de Lingüística Aplicada. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; DOCUMENTA UNIVERSITARIA. Pàg. 285-290. ISBN 978-84-96742-67-3
Bel, Núria; Bel, Santiago (2008). Measuring standards in Lexical Resources. Witt, Andreas et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the LREC 2008 Workshop: Uses and Usage of Language Resource-related Standards. 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Paris: European Language Resources Association (ISBN 2-9517408-4-0) (pdf)
Bel, Núria; Espeja, Sergio; Marimon, Montserrat (2008): COLDIC, a Lexicographic Platform for LMF compliant lexica. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Paris: European Language Resources Association (ISBN 2-9517408-4-0) (pdf)
Bel, Núria; Espeja, Sergio; Marimon, Montserrat (2008): Automatic acquisition for low frequency lexical items. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Paris: European Language Resources Association (ISBN 2-9517408-4-0) (pdf)
Bel, Nuria; Bel, Santiago; Espeja, Sergio; Marimon, Montserrat; Villegas, Marta. (2008). "El Proyecto CLARIN: Una infraestructura de investigación científica para las Humanidades y las Ciencias Sociales". Digithum 10. Barcelona: Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, pp. 1-9 (ISSN 1134-7724) http://digithum.uoc.edu/esp/index.html
Bel, Núria ; Marimon, Montserrat (2008). "CLARIN, Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure" dins Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural 41. Alicante: Sociedad Española para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, Univ. de Alicante, Dep. Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos. Pàg. 309-311. (ISSN 1135-5948) http://www.sepln.org/revistaSEPLN/revista/41/proy1.pdf
2007
Marimon, Montserrat; Núria Bel and Natalia Seghezzi (2007). Test Suite Construction for a Spanish Grammar. In T. Holloway King and E. M. Bender (eds.) Proceedings of the Workshop on Grammar Engineering across Frameworks. CSLI's series "Studies in Computational Linguistics ONLINE", pp. 250-264. ISSN 1557-5772.http://csli-publications.stanford.edu/GEAF/2007/geaf07-toc.html
Marimon, Montserrat; Natalia Seghezzi and Núria Bel. An Open-source Lexicon for Spanish. Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, n. 39, pp. 131-137. September, 2007. ISSN 1135-5948
Marimon, Montserrat; Bel, Núria; Espeja, Sergio; and Seghezzi, Natalia (2007). The Spanish Resource Grammar: Pre-processing Strategy and Lexical Acquisition" dins Baldwin, Timothy et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the ACL2007 Workshop on Deep Linguistic Processing. Stroudsburg, PA 18360: Association for Computational Linguistics. Pàg. 105-111. 2007. ISBN 978-1-932432-88-6
Bel, Núria; Espeja, Sergio; Marimon, Montserrat. "Automatic Acquisition of Grammatical Types for Nouns" dins Human Language Technologies 2007: The Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics; Companion Volume, Short Papers. Rochester, New York: Association for Computational Linguistics. 2007. Pàg. 5-8. ISBN 1-932432-94-9 (pdf).
2006
Bel, Núria; Espeja, Sergio; Marimon, Montserrat. "New tools for the encoding of lexical data extracted from corpus". Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Paris: European Language Resources Association. 1362-1367, Génova, Italia. 2006
Francopoulo, G., George, M.; Calzolari, N.; Monachini, M.; Bel, N.; Pet, M.; Soria, C." Lexical Markup Framework, LMF ". Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Paris: European Language Resources Association.P.233-236. Génova, Italia. 2006
Francopoulo, Gil; Bel, Núria; George, Monte; Calzolari, Nicoletta; Monachini, Monica. "Lexical Markup Framework (LMF) for NLP Multilingual Resources ". Proceedings of the Workshop on Multilingual Language Resources and Interoperability. Sydney, Australia: Association for Computational Linguistics. http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W/W06/W06-1001. P.1-8, Sidney, Australia. 2006
2004
Montserrat Marimon, Núria Bel.Lexical Entry Templates for Robust Deep Parsing, LREC 2004 Fourth International Conference On Language Resources And Evaluation. LREC 2004 Proceedings, ISBN: 2-9517408-1-6, P. 2209-2212. Lisboa (PORTUGAL) 2004
Núria Bel, Cornelius H.A. Koster, Marta Villegas. Cross-effective cross-lingual document classification. LREC 2004 Fourth International Conference On Language Resources And Evaluation. LREC 2004 Proceedings, ISBN – 2-9517408-1-6, p. 1915-1918 Lisboa (PORTUGAL), 2004
Núria Bel,Corpus representativeness for syntactic information acquisition, 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. ACL Companion Volume to the Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, ISBN 1-932432-33-7. P.138-141, Barcelona (ESPAÑA), 2004.
2003
Nuria Bel, Cornelis H.A. Koster, Marta Villegas. Cross-Lingual Text Categorization. 7th.European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries (ECDL 2003). Traugott Koch, Ingeborg Sølvberg (Eds.): Research and Advanced Technologyfor Digital Libraries, 7th European Conference, ECDL 2003, Trondheim, Norway, August 17-22, 2003, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2769 Springer 2003, ISBN 3-540-40726-X P.126-139. Trondheim (NOR – NORUEGA). 2003
Montserrat Marimon, Núria Bel. A Hybrid NLP System for Natural Language Interfaces. International Conference Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing. G.Angelova, K Bontcheva, R. Mitkov, N. Nicolov, N. Nicolov(Eds.): RANLP Proceedings, ISBN 954-90906-6-3. P. 250-254. Borovets (BULGARIA). 2003
2002
Atkins, S., Bel, N., Bertagna, F., Bouillon, P., Calzolari, N., Fellbaum, C., Grishman, R., Lenci, A., MacLeod, C., Palmer, M., Thurmair, G., Villegas, M. & Zampolli, A. (2002). 'From Resources to Applications. Designing the Multilingual ISLE Lexical Entry' . In Proceedings Third International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 2002.
Bel, N., Caminero, J., Hernández, L., Marimon, M., Morlesín, J.M., Otero, J.M., Relaño, J., Rodríguez, M.C., Ruz, P.M. & Tapias, D. (2002). 'Design and Evaluation of a SLDS for E-Mail Access through the Telephone'. In Proceedings Third International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 2002.
Villegas, M. & Bel, N. (2002). 'From DTD to relational dB. An automatic generation of a lexicographical station out off guidelines'. In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on language Resources and Evaluation. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 2002.
2001
Calzolari, N., Lenci, A., Zampolli, A,. Bel, N., Villegas, M., & Thurmair, G. (2001). 'The ISLE in the Ocean Transatlantic Standards for Multilingual Lexicons (with an Eye to Machine Translation)'. In Proceedings of the MT Summit VIII. Santiago de Compostela, 2001.
Marimon, M., Porta, J., Bel, N. (2001). 'On Distributing the Analysis Process of a Broad-Coverage Unification-Based Grammar'. In the 3rd EuroConference Recent Advances in NLP (RANLP 2001). Tzigov Chark, Bulgaria.
2000
Lenci, A., Bel, N., Busa, F., Calzolari, N., Gola, E., Monachini, M., Ogonowski, A., Peters, I., Peters, W., Ruimy, N., Villegas, M., Zampolli, A. (2000). 'SIMPLE: A General Framework for the Development of Multilingual Lexicons'. In International Journal of Lexicography, Vol 13.
Villegas, M., Bel, N. et al. (2000). 'Multilingual Linguistics Resources: From Monolingual Lexicons to Bilingual Interrelated Lexicons'. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation. Athens, 2000.
(1987- 1999)
Maegard, B., N. Bel, B. Dorr, E. Hovy, K. Knight, H. Iida, Ch. Boitet, B. Maegaard, Y. Wilks (1999) ‘Machine Translation’, In Hovy, E. & N. Ide (eds.): Multilingual Information Management: Current Levels and Future Abilities, Linguistica Computazionale, vol. XIV-XV, 81-103, Pisa, 1999.
Villegas, M., Brosa, I. & Bel, N. (1998). 'El léxico PAROLE del español'. Actas del XIV Congreso de la SEPLN, Septiembre 1998.
Bel, N.; Marimon, M.; Porta, J.: 1996, 'Etiquetado morfosintáctico de corpus en el proyecto MULTEXT'. Actas del XXVI Simposio de la Sociedad Española de Lingüística, Madrid.
Bel, N. & Villegas, M. (1996). 'Clíticos, un Análisis en HPSG'. In Actas del II Congreso Nacional de Lingüística General. Granada 1996
Bel, N. & Villegas, M. (1996). 'Bounded Dependencies in Spanish'. In II International Conference on Mathematical Linguistics (ICML'96). Tarragona 1996.
Bel N.& Melero, M. (1995), "TRADE (MLAP93/003)". Boletín de la Sociedad Española para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural (nº16).Donostia. Abril 1995
Bel, N. & Villegas, M. (1994). 'El Fenómeno del Control y la Complementación Verbal en HPSG para el Español'. In Actas del I Congreso de Lingüística General. Valencia 1994.
BEL, N. (1993): El procesamiento de la información semántica en las oraciones con "se" en castellano, Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Barcelona.
BADIA, T., BEL, N. & VIDAL, J. (1991): Nuevas perspectivas en el proyecto EUROTRA, Boletín de la Sociedad Española para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, 10, 7-21.
BEL, N. (1991): El sistema de traducción automática EUROTRA, en Actas del Simposio de la Lengua Española. Lengua y Tecnología, Pabellón de España, Madrid.
BALARI, S. & BEL, N. (1990): Se impersonal: por qué no es un clítico de sujeto, Actas del XX Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Lingüística, Ed. Gredos, Madrid.
BALARI, S., BEL, N. & GILBOY, E. (1989): Unbounded dependencies in machine translation, en BUSEMANN, S., HAUENSCHILD, C. & UMBACH, C. (comps.) Views of the Syntax/Semantics Interface, KIT Report 74, TU, Berlin.
BEL, N. (1989a): Desambiguación monolingüe y traducción automática, Boletín de la Sociedad Española para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural, 7, 175-180.
BEL, N. (1989b): Pronominal constructions and argument structure, en The Eurotra Reference Manual 6.0, Commission of the European Communities B. P., Luxembourg, págs. 20-39.