Important additional privileges granted to foerigners in subsequent treaties

[MASON GENTZLER, J.(1977)Changing China. Readings in the History of China, from the Opium War to the Present. Nova York: Praeger] IMPORTANT ADDITIONAL PRIVILEGES GRANTED TO FOREIGNERS IN SUBSEQUENT TREATIES

(a) Most Favored Nation Status
[Article VIII of the Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue, between China and Great Britain, signed October 8, 1843]

The Emperor of China having been graciously pleased to grant to all foreign Countries whose Subjects, or Citizens, have hitherto traded at Canton the privilege of resorting for purposes of Trade to the other four Ports of Fuchow, Amoy, Ningpo, and Shanghai, on the same terms as the English, it is further agreed, that should the Emperor hereafter, from any cause whatever, be pleased to grant additional privileges or immunities to any of the Subjects or Citizens of such Foreign Countries, the same privileges and immunities will be extended to and enjoyed by British Subjects; but it is to be understood that demands or requests are not, on this plea, to be unnecessarily brought forward.

(b) Extraterritoriality
[Articles XXI and XXV of the Treaty of Wanghia, between China and the United States of America, signed July 3, 1844]

Article XXI
Subjects of China who may be guilty of any criminal act toward citizens of the United States shall be arrested and punished by the Chinese authorities according to the laws of China, and citizens of the United States who may commit any crime in China shall be subject to be tried and punished only by the Consul or other public functionary of the United States thereto authorized according to the laws of the United States. And in order to prevent all controversy and disaffection, justice shall be equitably and impartially administered by both sides....

Article XXV
All questions in regard to rights, whether of property or person, arising between citizens of the United States in China shall be subject to the jurisdiction of and regulated by the authorities of their own Government; and all controversies occurring in China between the citizens of the United States and the subjects of any other Government shall be regulated by the Treaties existing between the United States and such Governments, respectively, without interference on the part of China.